Well, you didn't mention blood in the stools, so I'll just address the mucus issue.
Mucus covered stools indicate irritation in the GI tract, most specifically the intestines. Colitis or IBS are definite possibilities. He could also be reacting to an ingredient in his food, even though you haven't changed foods. Allergies can develop over time, or the manufacturer could have changed the formula of the food you're using.
Intestinal parasites could also be the culprit. Sometimes a single stool sample doesn't tell the whole story. Some species of worms don't shed eggs every day. And a fecal exam is only as good as the person reading it. Tiny parasites like giardia and coccidia can sometimes be missed.
Another problem that should be ruled out is Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency. If the pancreas isn't producing enough of the enzymes necessary for digestion, the dog will have greasy, mucusy stools. EPI would be unusual in a young dog, but it does happen.
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