OK, most rat and mouse poisons use Warfarin as the active ingredient. It's the same medication used to treat people who develop blood clots, because it thins the blood and dissolves clots. At the correct dose, no harm is done. But too high of a dosage will lead to internal bleeding that can be life threatening. So, to kill rodents, they intentionally overdose the animals.
Warfarin works by binding vitamin K, so it's not available for the body to use. Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting factors to work. So, in the event of accidental overdose, or possible overdose, an increased dosage of vitamin K is used to prevent insufficiency, and prevent hemorrhages.
If the rodent poison is one supplied by a pest control company, there may be a different active ingredient, which is a much more serious situation. But veterinarians are aware of this. They'll want to know what brand of rat poison the pet ate. If your pet ingests a rodent poison, be sure to take the package with you, if at all possible. If you don't have the package, at least be able to identify exactly what brand it was.
Trust your vet. Rodent poisoning is fairly common, and they know how to treat it.
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